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Report Description
WHO has stated that the number of new cancer cases is expected to rise by 70% in the coming two decades. In the US alone, over one million people are diagnosed with cancer each year. Although cancer therapeutics continues to be one of the most active areas in terms of drug development, there is still a significant unmet need. Specifically, immuno-oncology has been gradually nurtured by researchers over the last several years. Post an evident shift towards the development of therapeutics targeting cancer cells by harnessing immune system components, immunotherapeutics have gained a strong foothold in the pharmaceutical industry. After the early success of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, T-cell immunotherapy has emerged as another innovative and potent arm of this market.
Characterised by key features such as target specificity, adaptability and memory, T-cells have been effectively used as tools to mediate an immune response. T-cell immunotherapy is structured into segments comprising of CAR-T, TCR and TIL therapies. Academicians across the globe have significantly contributed by convening the initial research of the candidates; this has served as the framework for several start-ups / established industry players to drive the research forward.
The overall market is expected to make a huge leap over the coming decade. It is also important to highlight that various technology providers, aiming to develop T-cell immunotherapy products with improved efficacy and safety, have developed innovative platforms for engineering of the T-cells. Innovative research, lucrative rounds of VC funding, discovery of several novel targets, growing pipelines directed towards different therapeutic areas and encouraging clinical trial results have emerged as some of the other drivers of this market.
Scope of the Report
The “T-Cell Immunotherapy Market, 2015-2030” report provides an extensive study of the field of T-cell immunotherapy. With no marketed products, this emerging field is still in its infancy; the report provides a comprehensive view of the market segmented into the following three sub-groups: CAR-T therapies, TCR therapies and TIL therapies.
The market is characterised by a robust and opportunistic pipeline of products targeting both haematological cancers and solid tumours. As mentioned earlier, several research institutes have played a critical role in progression of the technology to its current stage. Post the initial research, industry players have collaborated with non-industry participants to fund the clinical and commercial development of these products. Some late stage products that have emerged out of such collaborations include CTL-019 (Novartis/University of Pennsylvania / The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia), JCAR017 (Juno Therapeutics / Seattle Children’s Hospital), KTE-C19 and NY-ESO-1 TCR (Kite Pharma / National Cancer Institute), CD19-CAR (Takara Bio / Jichi Medical University) and LN-144 (Lion Biotechnologies / National Cancer Institute). Encouraging clinical results have accelerated the progress of these therapies as they have emerged as one of the most effective ways of leveraging the potential of immune system.
The market is also seeing a growing interest from several technology providers, especially those with capabilities in genome editing and viral and non-viral gene transfer. In addition, several T-cell immunotherapy companies and technology providers are also developing innovative safety switches to manage known side effects such as cytokine release syndrome and B-cell aplasia.
One of the key objectives of the study is to review and quantify the opportunities laid by the innovative programs of both small and big pharma firms. The unexploited and promising nature of this market supports the hopes pinned on multiple start-ups by several strategic investors and venture capital firms. Amongst other elements, the report elaborates on the following key areas:
The research, analysis and insights presented in this report include potential sales of several CAR-T therapies, TCR therapies and TIL therapies; this analysis is backed by a deep understanding of key drivers behind the growth. With most products still in the early stage of development, we have provided three market forecast scenarios to add robustness to our model. The conservative, base and optimistic scenarios represent three different tracks of industry evolution. All actual figures have been sourced and analysed from publicly available information. The figures mentioned in this report are in USD, unless otherwise specified.
Contents
Chapter 2 presents an executive summary of the report. It offers a high level view on where the T-cell immunotherapy market is headed in the mid-long term.
Chapter 3 provides a general introduction to T-cell immunotherapy. In this section, we have briefly discussed the conventional therapies being used for oncology treatment, the advent of cancer immunotherapy and the reasons supporting the gradual emergence of T-cell therapies.
Chapter 4 provides a comprehensive landscape of the T-cell immunotherapy market. It includes information on therapies which are currently in different stages of development (both clinical and preclinical/discovery). The detailed analysis of this pipeline includes information on most commonly targeted indications, current phases of development, the targets and the type of developers for each of the therapies.
Chapter 5 focuses on CAR-T based therapies and highlights the prevailing trends pertaining to the on-going research in this field. It discusses the targets under investigation, current challenges, toxicity issues and several other relevant parameters. To credit the work of the eminent researchers across the globe, we have provided a mapping of prominent key opinion leaders in the CAR-T space. The chapter includes detailed profiles of the drugs under development. These profiles cover information such as history of development, clinical trial timeline, clinical trial results, manufacturing, estimated cost of treatment and treatment regimen.
Chapter 6 elaborates on TCR based therapies and highlights the current scenario pertaining to the on-going research in this field. As with the CAR-T therapies, to credit the work of eminent researchers across the globe, we have provided a mapping of prominent key opinion leaders in the TCR space. The chapter also includes detailed drug profiles of several drugs under development.
Chapter 7 elaborates on the TIL based therapies. As in the earlier two chapters, we have mapped the prominent key opinion leaders in the TIL space. The chapter also includes detailed profiles of the drugs under development.
Chapter 8 elaborates on the monetary opportunity presented by these therapies. It provides a comprehensive market forecast analysis for molecules in advanced stages of development (phase I/II, phase II and phase II/III) taking into consideration the target patient population, competition, likely adoption rate and price points.
Chapter 9 provides a competitive landscape of various T-cell therapies being developed for the treatment of commonly targeted indications such as haematological cancers and solid tumours. These indications have been the prime focus of companies developing T-cell immunotherapies. The chapter also highlights the epidemiological facts and currently available treatments for each indication.
Chapter 10 talks about emerging technological platforms which mediate/assist the growth of the T-cell market. It includes a detailed discussion on such novel and innovative technologies, along with brief information about the technology providers.
Chapter 11 presents details on various investments and grants received by companies focused in the area of T-cell immunotherapy. The analysis highlights the growing interest from the VC community and other strategic investors.
Chapter 12 provides detailed company profiles of the leading players in the market. Each company profile includes information such as financial performance, geographical presence, T-cell immunotherapy pipeline, recent collaborations and developments. Additionally, we have also provided details about funding instances relevant to each player.
Chapter 13 is a collection of transcripts of interviews conducted during the course of this study.
Chapter 14 summarises the overall report. In this chapter, we have provided a list of key takeaways and have expressed our independent opinion based on the research and analysis described in previous chapters.
Chapters 15 is an appendix, which provides tabulated data and the list of companies covered in the report.
1 PREFACE
1.1. Scope of the Report
1.2. Research Methodology
1.3. Chapter Outlines
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3 INTRODUCTION
3.1. Chapter Overview
3.2. The Four Pillars of Cancer Therapy
3.3. Immunotherapy: Gaining a Strong Foothold
3.4. Immuno-Oncology (Cancer Immunotherapy)
3.5. Classification of Cancer Immunotherapies
3.5.1. By Mechanism of Action
3.5.1.1. Active Immunotherapy
3.5.1.2. Passive Immunotherapy
3.5.2. By Type of Target
3.5.3. By Approach
3.5.3.1 Activation and Suppression Immunotherapy
3.5.4. By Product Class
3.5.4.1. Monoclonal Antibodies
3.5.4.2. Bispecific Antibodies
3.5.4.3. Cytokines
3.5.4.4. Cell Based Therapies
3.6. T-Cell Therapies: Historical Evolution
3.7. T-Cell Therapies: Key Considerations
3.8. Strategies for Redirection of T-Cells
3.9. Methodologies for Transduction / Transfection of T-Cells
3.9.1. Retroviral Vectors
3.9.2. Lentiviral Vectors
3.9.3. Sleeping Beauty Transposon
3.10. Curative Potential of T-Cell Therapies
3.11. Roadblocks for T-Cell Therapies
4 MARKET LANDSCAPE
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Evolving T-Cell Therapy Space
4.3. T-Cell Therapy: A Promising and Robust Pipeline
4.4. CAR-T Cells Spearhead the T-Cell Market
4.5. Academia Research Leads On-going Activity in the T-Cell Space
4.6. T-Cell Market Poised to Expand Further: Several Molecules in Early Phases of Development
4.7. LimitedSuccess So Far: Restricted to Haematological Cancers/ Solid Tumours
4.8. Active Industry Players in the T-Cell Therapy Market
4.9. CD19 Continues to be the Most Popular Target for CAR-T Therapies
4.10. Targets Well Distributed for TCR Therapies
4.11. Other T-Cell Immunotherapies under Development
5 CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR-T CELL THERAPY
5.1. Introduction
5.2. History of Development
5.3. Current Research Landscape
5.4. Anatomical Layout of Chimeric Antigen Receptor
5.5. Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptors
5.6. Development of CAR-T Cells
5.7. Lymphodepleting Therapy
5.8. Universal CAR-Ts
5.9. Route of Administration
5.10. Toxicity Issues
5.10.1. Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)
5.10.2. On-Target Off-Tumour Toxicity
5.10.3. Encephalopathy and B-Cell Aplasia
5.11. Management of Toxicity Issues
5.11.1. Target Selection
5.11.2. Cell Persistence
5.11.3. Receptor Expression
5.12. CD19: An Attractive Target
5.13. Other Targets
5.14. Challenges Associated with CAR-T Therapy
5.14.1. Competitive Risks
5.14.2. Clinical Risks
5.14.3. Regulatory Challenges
5.14.4. Commercial Risks
5.15. CTL019 (Novartis)
5.15.1. Introduction
5.15.2. History of Development
5.15.3. Development Status
5.15.4. Key Clinical Trial Results
5.15.5. Dosage Regimen, Treatment Cost and Manufacturing
5.16. JCAR (Juno Therapeutics)
5.16.1. Introduction
5.16.2. CAR-T Design
5.16.3. Development Status
5.16.4. Key Clinical Trial Results
5.16.4.1. JCAR014
5.16.4.2. JCAR015
5.16.4.3. JCAR017
5.16.5. Dosage Regimen and Manufacturing
5.17. KTE-C19 (Kite Pharma)
5.17.1. Introduction
5.17.2. Development Status
5.17.3. Key Clinical Trial Results
5.17.4. Dosage Regimen and Manufacturing
5.17.5. Next Generation eACT CAR Candidates
5.18. CD19 CAR (Takara Bio)
5.18.1. Introduction
5.18.2. Development Status
5.18.3. Key Clinical Trial Results
5.18.4. Dosage Regimen and Manufacturing
5.19. EFGRvIII CAR (Kite Pharma)
5.19.1. Introduction
5.19.2. Development Status
5.19.3. Dosage Regimen and Manufacturing
6 T-CELL RECEPTOR (TCR) THERAPIES
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Structure of T-Cell Receptor
6.3. Difference between CAR and TCR
6.4. History of Development
6.5. Current Research Landscape
6.6. Mechanism of Action
6.7. Safety Issues
6.7.1. Insertional Mutagenesis
6.7.2. On-Target Off-Tumour Toxicity
6.7.3. Cross Reactivity Issues
6.7.4. TCR Mismatch Pairing
6.8. Prerequisites of Antigen-Specific T-Cell Receptors
6.9. Identifying Strategies that Enhance the Anti-Tumour Efficacy
6.9.1. Affinity Enhanced TCRs
6.9.2. Soluble TCR Based Biologics
6.10. NY-ESO-1 TCR (Kite Pharma)
6.10.1. Introduction
6.10.2. Development Status
6.10.3. Dosage Regimen
6.11. MAGE A3/A6 TCR (Kite Pharma)
6.11.1. Introduction
6.11.2. Development Status
6.11.3. Dosage Regimen
6.12. JTCR016 (Juno Therapeutics)
6.12.1. Introduction
6.12.2. Development Status
6.12.3. Key Clinical Trial Results
6.12.4. Dosage Regimen
6.13. IMCgp100 (Immunocore)
6.13.1. Introduction
6.13.2. Development Status
6.13.3. Key Clinical Trial Results
6.13.4. Dosage Regimen
7. TUMOUR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES (TIL) BASED THERAPIES
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Historical Background
7.3. Current Research Landscape
7.4. Strategies under Research to Enhance Efficacy
7.5. TIL: A Prognostic Tool for Various Indications
7.6. LN-144 (Formerly Contego) (Lion Biotechnologies)
7.6.1. Introduction
7.6.2. Development Status
7.6.3. Key Clinical Trial Results
7.6.4. Dosage Regimen and Manufacturing
7.6.5. Patent Portfolio
8. MARKET OPPORTUNITY
8.1. Chapter Overview
8.2. Scope and Limitations
8.3. Forecast Methodology
8.4. Overall T-Cell Therapy Market, 2015-2030
8.5. Overall Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Market
8.5.1. CTL019 (Novartis)
8.5.1.1. Target Population
8.5.1.2. Sales Forecast
8.5.2. KTE-C19 (Kite Pharma)
8.5.2.1. Target Population
8.5.2.2. Sales Forecast
8.5.3. CD19 CAR-T (Takara Bio)
8.5.3.1. Target Population
8.5.3.2. Sales Forecast
8.5.4. EGFR CAR-T (Cellular Biomedicine Group)
8.5.4.1. Target Population
8.5.4.2. Sales Forecast
8.5.5. CD30 CAR-T (Cellular Biomedicine Group)
8.5.5.1. Target Population
8.5.5.2. Sales Forecast
8.5.6. Anti-CD19 CAR-T VectorTransducedT-Cells (Cellular Biomedicine Group)
8.5.6.1. Target Population
8.5.6.2. Sales Forecast
8.5.7. Anti-CD20 CAR T VectorTransduced T-Cells (Cellular Biomedicine Group)
8.5.7.1. Target Population
8.5.7.2. Sales Forecast
8.5.8. CD19 EBV CAR-T (Autolus)
8.5.8.1. Target Population
8.5.8.2. Sales Forecast
8.5.9. EGFRvIII (Kite Pharma)
8.5.9.1. Target Population
8.5.9.2. Sales Forecast
8.5.10. JCAR017 (Juno Therapeutics)
8.5.10.1. Target Population
8.5.10.2. Sales Forecast
8.5.11. JCAR0XX (Juno Therapeutics)
8.5.11.1. Target Population
8.5.11.2. Sales Forecast
8.6. Overall TCR Market
8.6.1. IMCgp100 (Immunocore)
8.6.1.1. Target Population
8.6.1.2. Sales Forecast
8.6.2. NY-ESO-1 TCR (Kite Pharma)
8.6.2.1. Target Population
8.6.2.2. Sales Forecast
8.6.3. HPV-16 E6-TCR (Kite Pharma)
8.6.3.1. Target Population
8.6.3.2. Sales Forecast
8.6.4. NY-ESO-1 TCR (Adaptimmune)
8.6.4.1. Target Population
8.6.4.2. Sales Forecast
8.6.5. ALT-801 (Altor BioScience)
8.6.5.1. Target Population
8.6.5.2. Sales Forecast
8.6.6. WT-1 TCR (Cell Therapy Catapult)
8.6.6.1. Target Population
8.6.6.2. Sales Forecast
8.6.7. JTCR016 (Juno Therapeutics)
8.6.7.1. Target Population
8.6.7.2. Sales Forecast
8.6.8. MAGE A3/A6 (Kite Pharma)
8.6.8.1. Target Population
8.6.8.2. Sales Forecast
8.6.9. MAGE A3 (Kite Pharma)
8.6.9.1. Target Population
8.6.9.2. Sales Forecast
8.7. Overall TIL Therapy Market
8.7.1. LN-144 (Lion Biotechnologies)
8.7.1.1. Target Population
8.7.1.2. Sales Forecast
8.7.2. TIL Therapy (Nantes University)
8.7.2.1. Target Population
8.7.2.2. Sales Forecast
8.7.3. TIL Therapy (Netherlands Cancer Institute)
8.7.3.1. Target Population
8.7.3.2. Sales Forecast
9. KEY THERAPEUTIC AREAS FOR T-CELL THERAPIES
9.1. Chapter Overview
9.2. Introduction
9.3. Haematological Malignancies
9.3.1. Leukaemia and Lymphoma
9.3.1.1. Introduction and Epidemiology: Leukaemia
9.3.1.1.1. Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)
9.3.1.1.2. Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)
9.3.1.1.3. Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia (ALL)
9.3.1.1.4. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)
9.3.1.2. Introduction and Epidemiology: Lymphoma
9.3.1.3. Current Treatment Landscape
9.3.1.3.1. Targeted Therapies
9.3.1.4. T-Cell Immunotherapy and Research Landscape
9.3.1.4.1. CAR-Ts and Leukaemia/Lymphoma
9.3.1.4.2. TCRs and Leukaemia/Lymphoma
9.3.2. Multiple Myeloma
9.3.2.1. Introduction and Epidemiology
9.3.2.2. Current Treatment Landscape
9.3.2.3. T-Cell Immunotherapy and Research Landscape
9.4. Solid Tumours
9.4.1. Metastatic Melanoma
9.4.1.1. Introduction and Epidemiology
9.4.1.2. Current Treatment Landscape
9.4.1.3. T-Cell Immunotherapy and Research Landscape
9.4.1.3.1. TILs and Metastatic Melanoma
9.4.1.3.2. TIL Research at MD Cancer Research Centre, USA
9.4.1.3.3. TIL Research at Sheba Medical Centre, Israel
9.4.1.3.4. TCRs and Metastatic Melanoma
9.4.1.3.5 CAR-Ts and Metastatic Melanoma
9.4.2. Bladder Cancer
9.4.2.1. Introduction and Epidemiology
9.4.2.2. Current Treatment Landscape
9.4.2.3. T-Cell Immunotherapy and Research Landscape
9.4.3. Kidney Cancer
9.4.3.1. Introduction and Epidemiology
9.4.3.2. Current Treatment Landscape
9.4.3.3. T-Cell Immunotherapy and Research Landscape
9.4.4. Ovarian Cancer
9.4.4.1. Introduction and Epidemiology
9.4.4.2. Current Treatment Landscape
9.4.4.3. T-Cell Immunotherapy and Research Landscape
9.4.4.3.1. CAR-Ts and Ovarian Cancer
9.4.4.3.2. TCRs and Ovarian Cancer
9.4.5. Breast Cancer
9.4.5.1. Introduction and Epidemiology
9.4.5.2. Current Treatment Landscape
9.4.5.3. T-Cell Immunotherapy and Research Landscape
9.4.5.3.1. CAR-Ts and Breast Cancer
9.4.5.3.2. TCRs and Breast Cancer
9.4.5.3.3. TILs and Breast Cancer
9.4.6. Glioblastoma
9.4.6.1. Introduction and Epidemiology
9.4.6.2. Current Treatment Landscape
9.4.6.3. T-Cell Immunotherapy and Research Landscape
10 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
10.1. Chapter Overview
10.2. Introduction
10.3. Genome Editing Driving the T-Cell Therapies
10.4. Applications of Genome Editing
10.4.1. Genome Editing Technologies
10.4.1.1. CRISPR/Cas9 System
10.4.1.1.1. Structural Features
10.4.1.1.2. Modularity of the System
10.4.1.1.3. Mechanism of Action
10.4.1.1.4. Targeting Efficiency and Challenges
10.4.1.1.5. Next-GEN CRISPR Technology
10.4.1.1.6. Technology Providers
10.4.1.1.6.1. Editas Medicine
10.4.1.1.6.2 Intellia Therapeutics
10.4.1.1.6.3. CRISPR Therapeutics
10.4.1.2. TALENs
10.4.1.2.1. Structural Features
10.4.1.2.2. Mechanism of Action
10.4.1.2.3. Advantages and Challenges
10.4.1.2.4. Technology Providers
10.4.1.2.4.1. Cellectis
10.4.1.2.4.2. Editas Medicine
10.4.1.3. Endonuclease and megaTAL
10.4.1.3.1. Technology Providers
10.4.1.3.1.1 bluebird bio
10.4.1.4. Zinc Finger Nuclease
10.4.1.4.1. Benefits
10.4.1.4.2. Technology Providers
10.4.1.4.2.1. Sangamo Biosciences
10.5. Designing T-Cell Therapies with ImprovedCharacteristics
10.5.1. Technology for Targeting Multiple Cancers
10.5.1.1. Antibody Coupled T-Cell Receptor, UnumTherapeutics
10.5.1.2. NK Cell Receptor, Celyad
10.5.1.2.1. Long Term Tumour free Survival
10.5.1.2.2. Durable Anti-Tumour Immunity
10.5.2. Technology for Improved Safety
10.5.2.1. Armoured CAR, Juno Therapeutics
10.5.2.2. RheoSwitch Therapeutic System, Intrexon
10.5.2.3. Inducible Caspase9 Safety Switch, BellicumPharmaceuticals
10.5.2.3.1. CaspaCIDe Safety Switch Technology
10.5.2.3.2. CIDeCAR Switch Technology
10.5.2.3.3. GoCAR-T Switch Technology
10.5.2.4. On-Off Switch, Multiple Companies
10.5.2.4.1. Inhibitory CAR (iCAR), Juno Therapeutics
10.5.2.4.2. On-Off Switch, Theravectys
10.5.3. Allogeneic Technology
10.5.3.1. CIK CAR-T Cells, Formula Pharmaceuticals
10.5.3.2. Allogeneic Platform, Celyad
10.5.3.3. Allogeneic Platform, Cellectis
11 VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT
11.1. Chapter Overview
11.2. Investors and Innovative Therapies: Trending Together
11.3. Instances of Investments / Grants in T-Cell Therapies
11.4. Growing Venture Capitalist Interest
11.5. Funding Instances: Distribution by Type ofFunding
11.6. Funding Amount: Distribution by Type of Funding
12 COMPANY PROFILES
12.1. Chapter Overview
12.2. Adaptimmune
12.2.1. Company Overview
12.2.2. Financial Information
12.2.3. Product Portfolio
12.2.4. Manufacturing Capabilities
12.2.5. Collaborations
12.2.5.1. Progenitor Cell Therapy
12.2.5.2. Thermofisher / Life Technologies
12.2.5.3. GlaxoSmithKline
12.2.6. Future Outlook
12.3. Altor Bioscience Corporation
12.3.1. Company Overview
12.3.2. Financial Information
12.3.3. Product Portfolio
12.3.4. Patents Portfolio
12.3.5. Collaborations
12.3.5.1. Massachusetts General Hospital and Howard Hughes Medical Institute
12.3.6. Future Outlook
12.4. bluebird bio
12.4.1. Company Overview
12.4.2. Financial Information
12.4.3. Product Portfolio
12.4.4. Collaborations
12.4.4.1. Celgene Corporation
12.4.4.2. Pregenen
12.4.4.3. Five Prime Therapeutics
12.4.4.4. Kite Pharma
12.4.5. Future Outlook
12.5. Cellectis
12.5.1. Company Overview
12.5.2. Financial Information
12.5.3. Product Portfolio
12.5.4. Collaborations
12.5.4.1. CELLforCURE
12.5.4.2. OncoDesign Biotechnology
12.5.4.3. Ohio University
12.5.4.4. Weill Cornell Medical College
12.5.5. Future Outlook
12.6. Cell Therapy Catapult
12.6.1. Company Overview
12.6.2. Product Portfolio
12.6.3. Manufacturing Capabilities
12.6.4. Collaborations
12.6.4.1. UCL and Imperial Innovations
12.6.4.2. Cellular Therapeutics
12.6.5. Future Outlook
12.7. Juno Therapeutics
12.7.1. Company Overview
12.7.2. Financial Information
12.7.3. Product Portfolio
12.7.4. Patent Litigation
12.7.5. Manufacturing Capabilities
12.7.6. Collaborations
12.7.6.1. Memorial Sloan Kettering, Fred Hutchinson CancerCenter, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
12.7.6.2. Opus Bio
12.7.6.3. MedImmune/AstraZeneca
12.7.6.4. Stage Cell Therapeutics
12.7.6.5. Editas Medicine
12.7.6.6. Fate Therapeutics
12.7.6.7. X-Body
12.7.6.8. Celgene
12.7.7. Future Outlook
12.8. Kite Pharma
12.8.1. Company Overview
12.8.2. Financial Information
12.8.3. Product Portfolio
12.8.4. Manufacturing Capabilities
12.8.5. Collaborations
12.8.5.1. National Cancer Institute / National Institutes ofHealth
12.8.5.2. Cabaret Biotech
12.8.5.3. NeoStem
12.8.5.4. Amgen
12.8.5.5. Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
12.8.5.6. T-Cell Factory B.V. (TCF)
12.8.5.7. bluebird bio
12.8.5.8. Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
12.8.6. Future Outlook
12.9. Lion Biotechnologies
12.9.1. Company Overview
12.9.2. Financial Information
12.9.3. Product Portfolio
12.9.4. Manufacturing Capabilities
12.9.5. Collaborations
12.9.5.1. Lonza
12.9.5.2. Moffitt Cancer Center
12.9.5.3. National Cancer Institute
12.9.5.4. National Institutes of Health
12.9.6. Upcoming Products: Next Generation TILs
12.9.7. Future Outlook
12.10. Novartis
12.10.1. Company Overview
12.10.2. Financial Information
12.10.3. Product Portfolio
12.10.4. Patent Litigation
12.10.5. Manufacturing Capabilities
12.10.6. Collaborations
12.10.6.1. University Of Pennsylvania
12.10.6.2. Oxford BioMedica
12.10.6.3. Intellia Therapeutics and Caribou Sciences
12.10.7. Future Outlook
12.11. Takara Bio
12.11.1. Company Overview
12.11.2. Financial Information
12.11.3. Product Portfolio
12.11.4. Manufacturing Capabilities
12.11.5. Collaborations
12.11.5.1. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
12.11.5.2. Jichi Medical University Hospital
12.11.6. Future Outlook
12.12. Unum Therapeutics
12.12.1. Company Overview
12.12.2. Financial Information
12.12.3. Product Portfolio
12.12.4. Collaborations
12.12.5. Future Outlook
12.13. Other Companies
12.13.1. Bellicum Pharmaceuticals
12.13.2. Cellular Biomedicine Group
12.13.2.1. Product Portfolio
12.13.2.2. Collaborations
13 INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS
13.1. Chapter Overview
13.1.1. Vincent Brichard, Vice President, Immuno-Oncology, Celyad
13.1.2. Peter Ho, Director, Process Development, Lion Biotechnologies
13.1.3. Aino Kalervo, Competitive Intelligence Manager - Strategy & Business Development, Theravectys
14 CONCLUSION
14.1. T-Cell Therapies: Unfurling Another Dimension of Immunotherapy
14.2. Collaborative Efforts of Research and Industry to Drivethe Market
14.3. Undoubtedly CAR-T Therapy is the Current Flag-Bearer
14.4. Haematological Cancers and Solid Tumours are the Key Focus Areas
14.5. Innovative Technological Platforms have Emerged as Vital Enablers
14.6. Anticipated Market Success Backed up by Progressive Pipelines and VC Funding
15. APPENDIX I: TABULATED DATA
16. APPENDIX II: LIST OF COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS
Figure 3.1 The Four Pillars of Cancer Therapy
Figure 3.2 Differences between Active and Passive Immunotherapy
Figure 3.3 Differences between Specific and Non-Specific Immunotherapy
Figure 3.4 3Es of the Immune System
Figure 3.5 Strategies for Redirecting T-Cells
Figure 3.6 Targeted Therapeutic Areas in the T-Cell Market
Figure 3.7 T-Cell Therapy: Benefits and Roadblocks
Figure 4.1 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Distribution by Type of Product
Figure 4.2 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Distribution by Type of Developer
Figure 4.3 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Distribution by Type of Developer across CAR-Ts, TCRs and TILs
Figure 4.4 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Distribution by Phase of Development (Clinical/Preclinical)
Figure 4.5 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Distribution by Phase of Development (PI/II/III/Preclinical)
Figure 4.6 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Distribution by Phase of Development (PI/II/III/Preclinical) across CAR-Ts, TCRs and TILs
Figure 4.7 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Distribution by Target Therapeutic Area
Figure 4.8 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Distribution by Target Therapeutic Area across CAR-Ts, TCRs and TILs
Figure 4.9 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Active Industry Players in Clinical Development
Figure 4.10 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Active Industry Players in Preclinical Development
Figure 4.11 CAR-T Cell Therapy Pipeline: Distribution by Target Antigens
Figure 4.12 TCR Therapy Pipeline: Distribution by Target Antigens
Figure 5.1 Historical Timeline: Development of CAR-T cells
Figure 5.2 CAR-T: Mapping Prominent Researchers
Figure 5.3 Development of CAR-T Cells
Figure 5.4 Challenges Witnessed in CAR-T Therapy
Figure 5.5 CTL019: Industry Sponsored Clinical Trial Design
Figure 5.6 CTL019: Non-Industry Sponsored Clinical Trial Design
Figure 5.7 JCAR Series: Clinical Trial Design
Figure 5.8 JCAR: Planned Clinical Trials
Figure 5.9 KTE-C19: Clinical Trial Design
Figure 5.10 Manufacturing CD19 CAR-T Cells: Process Comparison
Figure 5.11 CD19 CAR: Clinical Trial Design
Figure 5.12 EGFRvIII CAR: Clinical Trial Design
Figure 6.1 TCR: Mapping Prominent Researchers
Figure 6.2 Development of TCR Based Therapies
Figure 6.3 NY-ESO-TCR: Clinical Trial Design
Figure 6.4 MAGE A3/A6 TCR: Clinical Trial Design
Figure 6.5 JTCR016: Clinical Trial Design
Figure 6.6 IMCgp100: Clinical Trial Design
Figure 7.1 TIL: Mapping Prominent Researchers
Figure 7.2 Process of Adoptive T-Cell Therapy Using TILs
Figure 7.3 LN-144: Clinical Trial Design
Figure 8.1 Overall T-Cell Therapy Market (USD Million)
Figure 8.2 T-Cell Therapy Market, Share of Sub-segments: Base Scenario 2020, 2025 and 2030 (USD Million)
Figure 8.3 Overall CAR-T Market Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.4 CTL019: Current Status by Highest Phase of Development
Figure 8.5 CTL019 Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.6 KTE-C19: Current Status by Highest Phase of Development
Figure 8.7 KTE-C19 Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.8 CD 19 CAR-T Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.9 EGFR CAR-T Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.10 CD30 CAR-T Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.11 Anti-CD19 CAR-T Vector Transduced T-Cells Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.12 Anti-CD20 CAR-T Vector Transduced T-Cells Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.13 CD19 EBV CAR-T Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.14 EGFRvIII Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.15 JCAR017 Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.16 JCAR0XX Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.17 Overall TCR Market Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.18 IMCgp100: Current Status by Highest Phase of Development
Figure 8.19 IMCgp100 Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.20 NY-ESO-1 TCR Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.21 HPV-16E6-TCR Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.22 NY-ESO-1 TCR: Current Status by Highest Phase of Development
Figure 8.23 NY-ESO-1 TCR Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.24 ALT-801 Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.25 WT-1 TCR Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.26 JTCR016: Current Status by Highest Phase of Development
Figure 8.27 JTCR016 Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.28 MAGE A3/A6 Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.29 MAGE A3 Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.30 Overall TIL Market Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.31 LN-144 Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.32 TIL Therapy (Nantes University) Sales forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 8.33 TIL Therapy (Netherland University) Sales Forecast: Base Scenario (USD Million)
Figure 9.1 Most Common Types of Leukaemia
Figure 9.2 Leukaemia: Global Epidemiological Distribution
Figure 9.3 Lymphoma: Global Epidemiological Distribution
Figure 9.4 Multiple Myeloma: Global Epidemiological Distribution
Figure 9.5 Melanoma: Global Epidemiological Distribution
Figure 9.6 Bladder Cancer: Global Epidemiological Distribution
Figure 9.7 Kidney Cancer: Global Epidemiological Distribution
Figure 9.8 Ovarian Cancer: Global Epidemiological Distribution
Figure 9.9 Breast Cancer: Global Epidemiological Distribution
Figure10.1 Applications of Genome Editing
Figure 10.2 Emerging Genome Editing Technologies
Figure 10.3 Emerging Design Technologies
Figure 10.4 Properties of Enhanced T-Cell Platform
Figure 10.5 Comparative Landscape: CAR-T Platforms
Figure 11.1 T-Cell Therapies Funding: Cumulative Number of Investments by Year, 2007-2015
Figure 11.2 T-Cell Therapies Funding: Cumulative Amount Invested by Year, 2007-2015 (USD Million)
Figure 11.3 T-Cell Therapies Funding: Distribution of Instances by Type of Funding
Figure 11.4 T-Cell Therapies Funding: Distribution of Amount Invested by Type of Funding (USD Million)
Figure 12.1 Adaptimmune: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Figure 12.2 Altor BioScience: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Figure 12.3 Cellectis: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Figure 12.4 Juno Therapeutics: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Figure 12.5 Kite Pharma: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Figure 12.6 Novartis: Sales, 2009-2014 (USD Billion)
Figure 12.7 Novartis: Sales by Operating Segments, 2014 (USD Billion)
Figure 12.8 Takara Bio: Sales, 2010-2014 (YEN Million)
Figure 12.9 Takara Bio: Sales by Operating Segments, 2014(YEN Million, %)
Figure 12.10 Unum Therapeutics: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Figure 12.11 Treatment Process Followed Using the Antibody Coupled T-Cell Receptor (ACTR) Technology
Figure 14.1 T-Cell Therapy Market Landscape: Industry Participants
Figure 14.2 T-Cell Therapy Market Landscape: Non-Industry Participants
Figure14.3 T-Cell Immunotherapy Market Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Table 3.1 FDA Approved Antibody Based Therapeutics for Cancer
Table 3.2 Features of Retrovirus
Table 3.3 Features of Lentivirus
Table 4.1 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 4.2 Other T-Cell Immunotherapeutics under Development
Table 5.1 Key Characteristics of CAR-T cells
Table 5.2 Comparison between 1st and 2nd Generation CARs
Table 5.3 Grading Criteria for CRS
Table 5.4 Safety Switches under Development for CAR-T Therapy
Table 5.5 CD19 CAR-T Cells: Preclinical Results
Table 5.6 Other Targets under Clinical/Preclinical Studies for CAR-T Therapy
Table 5.7 CTL019: Current Status of Development
Table 5.8 JCAR Series: Molecules in Clinical Development
Table 5.9 JCAR Series: CAR-T Design
Table 5.10 JCAR: Current Status of Development
Table 5.11 JCAR: Dosage Regimen
Table 5.12 KTE-C19: Current Status of Development
Table 5.13 CD19 CAR: Current Status of Development
Table 5.14 EGFRvIII CAR-T: Current Status of Development
Table 6.1 Differences between CAR-T and TCR Based Therapies
Table 6.2 NY-ESO-1 TCR: Current Status of Development
Table 6.3 MAGE A3/A6: Current Status of Development
Table 6.4 JTCR016: Current Status of Development
Table 6.5 IMCgp100: Current Status of Development
Table 7.1 LN-144: Current Status of Development
Table 7.2 Patent Portfolio
Table 8.1 T-Cell Immunotherapy: Market Potential of Candidates
Table 9.1 Comparison of Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Table 9.2 Comparison of Marketed Targeted Therapeutics: Leukaemia
Table 9.3 Comparison of Marketed Targeted Therapeutics: Lymphoma
Table 9.4 Targets under Investigational Trials: Leukaemia
Table 9.5 Targets under Investigational Trials:Lymphoma
Table 9.6 Comparison of Marketed Targeted Therapeutics: Multiple Myeloma
Table 9.7 Targets under Investigational Trials:Multiple Myeloma
Table 9.8 Comparison of Marketed Targeted Therapeutics: Melanoma
Table 9.9 Historical Development of TIL Treatment Protocols at the National Cancer Institute
Table 9.10 Comparison of Marketed Targeted Therapeutics: Renal Cell Carcinoma
Table 9.11 Comparison of Marketed Therapeutics: Breast Cancer
Table 9.12 Targets under Investigational Trials:Breast Cancer
Table 10.1 CRISPR/Cas9: Research Publications, 2014/2015
Table 10.2 Editas Medicine: Funding Details
Table 10.3 Editas Medicine: Collaborations
Table 10.4 Intellia Therapeutics: Research Publications on CRISPR/Cas9
Table 10.5 Intellia Therapeutics: Funding Details
Table 10.6 Intellia Therapeutics: Collaborations
Table 10.7 CRISPR Therapeutics: Research Publications on CRISPR/Cas9
Table 10.8 CRISPR Therapeutics: Funding Details
Table 10.9 Cellectis: Funding Details
Table 10.10 Cellectis: Collaborations
Table 10.11 bluebird bio: Funding Details
Table 10.12 bluebird bio: Collaborations
Table 10.13 Unum Therapeutics: Funding Details
Table 10.14 Unum Therapeutics: Collaborations
Table 10.15 Intrexon: Funding Details
Table 10.16 Intrexon: Collaborations
Table 10.17 Switch Technologies: Research Publications from Bellicum Pharmaceuticals
Table 10.18 Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Funding Details
Table 10.19 Theravectys: Funding Details
Table 11.1 List of Funding Rounds/Grants and Investors Involved
Table 12.1 Adaptimmune: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.2 Adaptimmune: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.3 Altor BioScience: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.4 Altor BioScience: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.5 bluebird bio: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.6 bluebird bio: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.7 Cellectis: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.8 Cellectis: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.9 Cell Therapy Catapult: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.10 Cell Therapy Catapult: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.11 Juno Therapeutics: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.12 Juno Therapeutics: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.13 Kite Pharma: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.14 Kite Pharma: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.15 Lion Biotechnologies: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.16 Lion Biotechnologies: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.17 Novartis: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.18 Novartis: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.19 Takara Bio: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.20 Takara Bio: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.21 Unum Therapeutics: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.22 Unum Therapeutics: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 12.23 Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.24 Cellular Biomedicine Group: T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline
Table 12.25 Cellular Biomedicine Group: T-Cell Immunotherapy Collaborations
Table 15.1 T-Cell Therapy Pipeline: Distribution by Type of Product
Table 15.2 T-Cell Therapy Pipeline: Distribution by Type of Developer
Table 15.3 T-Cell Immunotherapy Pipeline: Comparison of Distribution by Type of Developer across CAR-Ts, TCRs and TILs
Table 15.4 T-Cell Therapy Pipeline: Distribution by Phase of Development (Clinical/Preclinical)
Table 15.5 T-Cell Therapy Pipeline: Distribution by Phase of Development (PI/II/III/Preclinical)
Table 15.6 T-Cell Therapy Pipeline: Comparison of Distribution by Phase of Development (PI/II/III/Preclinical) across CAR-Ts, TCRs and TILs
Table 15.7 T-Cell Therapy Pipeline: Distribution by Target Therapeutic Area
Table 15.8 T-Cell Therapy Pipeline: Comparison of Distribution by Target Therapeutic Area across CAR-Ts, TCRs and TILs
Table 15.9 T-Cell Therapy: Active Players in Clinical Development
Table 15.10 T-Cell Therapy: Active Players in Preclinical Development
Table 15.11 CAR-T Therapy: Distribution by Targets
Table 15.12 TCR Therapy: Distribution by Targets
Table 15.13 Overall T-Cell Therapy Market (USD Million)
Table 15.14 T-Cell Therapy Market, Share of Sub-segments: 2020, 2025 and 2030 (USD Million)
Table 15.15 Overall CAR-T Market Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.16 CTL019 Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.17 KTE-C19 Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.18 CD 19 CAR T Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.19 EGFR CAR-T Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.20 CD30 CAR-T Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.21 Anti-CD19 CAR-T Vector Transduced T-Cells Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.22 Anti-CD20 CAR-T Vector Transduced T-Cells Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.23 CD19 EBV CAR-T Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.24 EGFRvIII Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.25 JCAR017 Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.26 JCAR0XX Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.27 Overall TCR Market Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.28 IMCgp100 Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.29 NY-ESO-1 TCR Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.30 HPV-16E6-TCR Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.31 NY-ESO-1 TCR Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.32 ALT-801 Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.33 WT-1 TCR Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.34 JTCR016 Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.35 MAGE A3/A6 Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.36 MAGE A3 Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.37 Overall TIL Market Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.38 LN-144 Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.39 TIL Therapy (Nantes University) Sales forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.40 TIL Therapy (Netherlands University) Sales Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios (USD Million)
Table 15.41 T-Cell Therapies Funding: Cumulative Number of Investments by Year, 2007-2015
Table 15.42 T-Cell Therapies Funding: Cumulative Amount Invested by Year, 2007-2015 (USD Million)
Table 15.43 T-Cell Therapies Funding: Distribution of Instances by Type of Funding
Table 15.44 T-Cell Therapies Funding: Distribution of Amount Invested by Type of Funding (USD Million)
Table 15.45 Adaptimmune: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Table 15.46 Altor BioScience: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Table 15.47 bluebird bio: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Table 15.48 Cellectis: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Table 15.49 Juno Therapeutics: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Table 15.50 Kite Pharma: VC Funding Instances (USD Million))
Table 15.51 Novartis: Sales, 2010-2014 (USD Million)
Table 15.52 Novartis: Sales by Operating Segments, 2014 (USD Million)
Table 15.53 Takara Bio: Sales, 2010-2014 (YEN Million)
Table 15.54 Takara Bio: Sales by Operating Segments, 2014 (YEN Million)
Table 15.55 Unum Therapeutics: VC Funding Instances (USD Million)
Table 15.56 T-Cell Immunotherapy Market Forecast: Conservative, Base and Optimistic Scenarios, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
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