ADC Therapeutics – A Potential Tool Against Cancer

Over the years, various technological advancements, such as antibody engineering for site-specific conjugation and enhanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, have paved the way for antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) to be recognized as potent therapies targeting a wide range of indications, including solid tumors and hematological malignancies. ADC Therapeutics are engineered therapies comprised of monoclonal antibodies attached to potent cytotoxic payloads through chemical linkers.[1] In fact, the FDA has approved 11 ADCs, namely ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®), inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa®), gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®), moxetumomab pasudotox (Lumoxiti®), polatuzumab vedotin-piiq (Polivy®), enfortumab vedotin (Padcev®), sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy®), trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu®), belantamab mafodotin-blmf (Blenrep®), and loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl (Zynlonta™) till date.[2], [3], [4] The success of these therapeutics can be attributed to their high tumor selectivity and cell-killing potential of monoclonal antibodies, while limiting off target toxicities. These advantages have made ADCs a new frontier of chemotherapy, thus, bringing about a paradigm shift in the treatment protocol of different types of cancer.

Antibody Drug Conjugates: Drug Pipeline

In addition to clinical candidates, a relatively larger proportion of candidates are in discovery / preclinical stages of development; the ADCs are equipped with different cytotoxic payloads to target a wide array of biological antigens

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Rise in Intellectual Property Portfolio

The increasing interest of various stakeholders in antibody drug conjugates has led to the expansion of intellectual capital associated with the technologies used in this domain. A number of patents have been filed by companies in order to protect novel intellectual property generated within this field.

Billions of Dollars are Being Invested in Funding the Initiatives of Various Players for the Development of Antibody Drug Conjugates

The rising interest of investors within this upcoming segment is evident from the fact that nearly USD 15 billion was raised by industry players across more than 135 instances in the period between 2014 to 2021.

For further information on funding initiatives, check out the report here.

Conclusion

ADCs, or immuno-conjugates, combine the benefits of the individual components, and help eliminate some of the drawbacks inherent to each singular entity, when used as a therapeutic separately. Naked antibodies are generally not effective enough to kill target cells every time (either by the stimulation of ADCC, or by blocking growth receptors present on the surface of cancer cells or blocking tumor promoting signals from cancer cells). Although individual antibodies can specifically bind to their cellular target, their ability to ensure cell death / clinical benefit is not guaranteed. Treatment options using cytotoxins / drugs are prone to cause adverse side effects owing to the non-specific nature of these small molecules. This causes the loss of healthy cells in the body. ADC Therapeutics offer target specificity along with other therapeutic benefits.

For further information on this emerging domain, check out the report below

Antibody Drug Conjugates Market (6th Edition) by Indication

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